Cross Contamination results from indiscriminate experimentation with various cleaning products so much so that the end user ends up with layer upon layer of chemical residues on top of the original issue.

Discoloration occurs when the dyes in the upholstery or leather have been damaged or removed by the acid in the urine, food or by capricious use of cleaning products.

Staining occurs when an organic such as tomato sauce has been deposited on the upholstery or leather.

Since this organic is actually layered on top of the upholstery it is possible to completely remove it assuming that the acid in the tomato sauce has not discolored the upholstery.