Cross Contamination results from indiscriminate experimentation with various cleaning products so much so that the end user ends up with layer upon layer of chemical residues on top of the original issue. On a much more technical level when you experiment by trying multiple cleaning products on the same soiled area you are actually mixing all of those ingredients synonymous to mixing all those cleaning products in a test tube.


     Discoloration occurs when the dyes in the upholstery or leather have been damaged or removed by the acid in the cat urine, dog urine or stained by food or by capricious use of cleaning products. The biggest culprit in cleaning products are chlorine bleach and hydrogen peroxide.


     Staining occurs when an organic such as tomato sauce has been deposited on the upholstery or leather. Since this organic is actually layered on top of the upholstery it is possible to completely remove it without damaging the underlying fabric assuming that the acid in the tomato sauce has not discolored the upholstery by removing any of the dyes used to color the fabric.